What Was accomplished with the French Revolution?

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Revolution?


Western Civilization


What was accomplished with the French Revolution?


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The French Revolution was one of the major revolutions in European history. The


revolution marks a turning point in French history and in world history in general. Forms


of government, morals, ideologies, and social development were greatly affected by it in


all Europe and even in US


The beginning of the French Revolution in generally dated from June, 178. But


the crisis in political and economic affairs in France in that period was so great that


social unrest, rioting, a and rebellion were common for two years before. The end of the


revolutionary Period was marked by the establishment of the Empire by Napoleon in


1804.


The basic causes of the French Revolution were rooted in the rigidities of French


society in the 18th century. Lines of distinction between classes were tightly drawn, and


opportunities for social advancement were very few. The economy was not growing as


fast as it should have been. Then needs of an increasing population were not being met.


Government was inefficient and unrepresentative. Economic problems rose, while the


peasants and middle classes were subjected to greater and greater burdens. Crops failed,


and trade was stagnant. The people could no longer be taxed, but the government faced


bankruptcy unless new revenues were found. The only solution was to tax the privileged


classes. But they were jealous of their privileged position. Although they were not


completely unwilling to contribute some additional taxes, they never understood how


grave the economies crisis was. They saw the crises as only some form of financial


corruption that could be solved by firing the kings finace ministers. The liberal ideas of


the French Enlightenment had been absorbed by some of the clergy and the nobility but


only by a very few. The upper classes in France in 178 were more jealous of their


privileges then they had been at any time in the 100 years before.


When the French aided the Americans during the American Revolution, they only


sent men and ships and guns but lent substantial financial aid as well. As a result, the


budget of the French government was thrown out of balance. When economic depression


in France made the every growing debt even greater, the state seemed on the verge of


bankruptcy. It was necessary to vote new taxes.


The kings power was not as absolute as he pretended it was, and no new taxes


could be decreed unless the kings edicts were registered in the district courts, the


parliaments. Their members were mostly members of the privileged classes and were


always ready to oppose the kings measures. Because of their continual refusal to register


tax and reform edicts, it was necessary for the king, Louis XVI, to find some other way of


legalizing his edicts.


France had never had a parliament exactly like the British, but it had a similar


institution called the States- General. Unlike the British institution it met very frequently.


The last one had met in 1616. The States- General was called, and it convened in May,


178.


The States-General was composed of three houses, or estates, called the first,


second, and third estates. The first represented the clergy; the second, the nobility; and


the third, the middle classes. The third estate contained as many members as the first and


second combined.


When the estates met, the third estate wished to vote with the first two houses.


The clergy and nobility and the king insisted the houses vote separately. But the third


decided that it was more representative of the French people than the other two estates


and that it was not fair to allow the first two estates so much power. On June 17, 178,


they converted themselves into a National Assembly, or Constituent Assembly, and


resolved to draw up a new constitution for France. The king closed down the hall, but the


members went to a nearby tennis court and there took an oath (June 0) not to disband


until a constitution was written. The pressure of public opinion was so much in their


favor that Louis XVI was forced to recognize them, as he did by the end of the month.


Bad crops and famine conditions contributed to the unrest. During July there were


spontaneous peasant uprisings all over France. On July 14 a Paris mob stormed and


demolished the Bastille, an old fortress housing political prisoners. On August 4, the


assembly, led by certain enlightened nobles, abolished feudal rights and privileges with


compensation to owners. A few years later the compensation was also abolished. On


August 7 a Declaration of the Rights of Man, similar to the American Bill of Rights,


was issued. The new constitution was completed by July, 170, and the king accepted it.


But Louis XVI's behavior was never consistent. In July, 171, he tried to flee the country


in order to re-conquer it with the aid of Austrian and Prussian armies. He was caught,


however, and popular feeling ran against him. He now accepted a revised constitution, in


September, 171, and the assembly dissolved. A legislative assemble was elected, and it


met from October, 171, to September, 17.


The legislative assembly was dominated by the Girondists, who wished to set up a


federal republic. When the war broke out with Austria in April, 17, there was no longer


any reason for tolerating Louis XVI. He had plotted with his wifes family, which ruled


Austria, and was now an enemy of the state.


The National Convention, which reigned from September, 171, to October,


175, was the government of the Reign of Terror. It was the one that executed the king in


January, 17. The convention was ruled by two committees under the domination of


Roberspirre from 17 to 174. Robespierre saw to the execution of his enemies and was


rampant, war was at the doorstep, and bread riots were common. The tide turned in


another direction, and a stronger executive power in the form of the Directory was set up.


A five-man committee ruled the country. Meanwhile, Napoleon was making his name


famous by his military success. Napoleon allied with two directors in the Directory and


with his brother Lucien, who was president of the Council of Five Hundred, and assembly


under the Directory. On Nov. , 17, in the Coup d'Etat de Brumaire he over-threw the


government. A form of government modeled on the old Roman type was set up.Napoleon


was elected first consul for ten years. By 1804 Napoleon assumed the title of emperor,


and absolute monarchy was revived. I believe that this time in French History was most


important to the people of France because of the different types of government they had.


Socialism, liberalism and nationalism all were results of the French Revolution. It gave


people the idea that if they tried, they could reorganize a society whenever it was needed.


The greatest accomplishment of the French Revolution, however, was that people could


change anything that they wanted with political ideas, words and laws.


"French Revolution" Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia(CD ROM)


Woodberry Forest School web page


http//www.woodberry.org/acad/hist/FRWEB/index.htm


Taines, Hippolyte A., The French Revolution., vol. 1. Gloucester, Mass Peter


Smith, 16.


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