Astrobiology

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definition for astrobiology, as I see it, the universal

meaning can be defined as the part of biology with a

primary interest in studying life in the Universe. This

Order custom research paper on Astrobiology

includes the origin and evolution of life in outer space

and on Earth.

Astrobiology is a compilation of an array of scientific

disciplines which includes biology, astronomy,

technology, and ecology. Planetary biology, the study

of "human spaceflight and how life first came into

existence" and exobiology, "the study of other planets

both in our Solar System and those orbiting around other

stars" are probably the most recognized of these of

disciplines.

Astrobiologists search for answers to endless questions.

Some of them are How did life on earth come to be? Can

or does life exist on other planets? What will be

necessary for human life to survive in outer space? What

future challenges may be faced on Earth and beyond?

These biologists seek to understand and determine the

beginning of life and how life affects or are affected

by the environment from which it evolved. Within this

field of study, there have been numerous accounts of

life's existence on Mars. In 16 scientists with the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

reported proof of microscopic life form on Mars

approximately 4 billion years ago. They found a large

meteorite that had broken off from Mars when it was hit

by an asteroid over15 million years ago. This meteorite

was found on Earth in the South Pole and appeared to

have landed there 1,000 years ago. "Researchers found

tubular structures lodged in the clay inside the

meteorite, which NASA believes are fossilized bacterial

forms .6 billion years old". They were able to

determine that the meteorite was in fact from Mars by

comparing its chemical structure to data obtained by the

Viking explorer, a spacecraft developed by NASA 0 years

prior to orbit and land on Mars. It had the ability to

not only take pictures and collect data from the Martian

surface but it could also conduct experiments. In

addition to the discoveries made in 16, on February

7, 001, The SpaceDaily reported a second research

group from NASA to report evidence of life on Mars based

on similarities between the Martian magnetite crystals

and crystals formed inside magnetotactic bacteria

present on Earth. The results of this research, referred

to as the Ames study, were able to confirm a biological

origin because the crystals were of similar size, shape,

did not touch, and the chains they formed were curved.

"Since bacteria on Earth that use magnetic forces

require some oxygen, researchers said their presence on

the meteorite denotes that there were plant-like

organisms using photosynthesis on Mars . billion years

ago". Scientists from Budapest, Hungary have also

reported evidence of life on Mars after they analyzed

over 60, 000 pictures taken by the Mars Global Surveyor

probe, an orbital technologic invention capable of

scanning and collecting data from the surface floor of

Mars. The team stated that the pictures revealed proof

of many dark dune spots located in craters in Mars'

southern polar region. These spots are similar to

organisms found near the South Pole on Earth. Tibor

Ganti, a biologist and team member stated that "these

spots indicate that on the surface below the ice there

are such organisms which, absorbing solar energy, are

able to melt the ice and create conditions of life for

themselves". Extra-solar planets, also referred to as

exoplanets, have provided researchers information in

determining life in the Universe. These planets are in

addition to the nine in our solar system. They orbit

around stars other than the sun. The Doppler Effect has

proven to be effective in monitoring stars' light by

using a process called spectroscopy where the star light

is detected by separating the light of a star into the

light's colors. "The elements present in a star emit

light especially strongly in particular colors, creating

bright lines on a star's spectrum, or its range of

color". Astronomers monitor regular changes to

determine the presence of a planet. According to the

'Extra-solar Planets Catalog',

http//www.obspm.fr/planets, there are a total of 107

planets discovered to date. NASA's "Kepler Mission is

specifically designed to survey the extended solar

neighborhood to detect and characterize hundreds of

terrestrial and larger planets in or near the habitable

zone", the area in the solar system and any other

planetary system that can essentially support life. The

scientific goal of these scientists "is to explore the

structure and diversity of planetary systems".

Our government should discontinue supporting

astrobiology research in the quest to determine if human

life can thrive on planets other than Earth and whether

or not there is extra-terrestrial or terrestrial life on

other planets. These studies have proven to be very

costly and in my opinion, unnecessary. For the sake of

this country, we should continue monitoring outer space

in an effort to maintain universal safety by staying

abreast of possible terrorist acts. Additional funding

can also be worth while in protecting Earth against

global warming and depletion of fossil fuels which are

essential for healthy, comfortable living.

http//ibiblio.org/astrobiology/indx.php?page=astro01

http//www.cnn.com/TECH/608/07mars.p

http//www.spacedaily.com/news/01071006.dryxjfd.html http//www.wired.com/news/print/0,14,4668,00.html

http//encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=174150068

http//www.kepler.arc.nasa.gov/summary.html

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